Waste Reception

Incoming vehicles enter the plant via weighbridges which record various information about waste load. These data are transferred to a computer in the control room and usually include the origin of the vehicles and the waste, net and gross tonnage, and the time and date of the delivery. From the weighbridge, vehicles proceed to the tipping hall to discharge their load into the waste bunker. There are tipping bays into which the vehicles reverse. The bays are demarcated with bollards and raised kerbs to allow the vehicles to reverse safely. The tipping hall is fitted with a roller shutter door to minimise fugitive emissions of odour. This door remains closed when there are no waste deliveries occurring. The tipping hall is also maintained at a low pressure in order to further minimise emissions of odour. The tipping hall is cleaned periodically. A sloping floor allows for wastewater from cleaning activities to be collected for further treatment.

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On Demand

Incineration

Incineration Cranes described in Reception transfer waste from waste bunker into the feed system which consists of feeding hoppers and chutes that feed the combustion chamber. The aim of the charging hopper is to feed the waste continuously and smoothly, which ensures steady combustion conditions. The following three incineration systems are applicable in waste-to-energy plants, with the first one being the most prevailing and popular one:

1. Moving Grates

2. Rotary Kiln

3. Fluidised Bed

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Boiler

Energy is released from the incineration and leaves the furnace as flue gases at a temperature of approximately 1,000-1,200˚C. The flue gases are cooled through a boiler, where the energy released from incineration is initially recovered as hot water or steam. A steam boiler requires attention in design because of the highly corrosive nature of the flue gas. It also requires attention to its operation and space. The steam boiler is divided into one to three open radiation passes and a convection part. The radiation part includes the evaporator where saturated steam is produced. After passing the radiation part, the flue gases enter the convection heating surfaces. There, they first transfer heat to superheaters and then to economizer and after that pass to the flue gas cleaning system.

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Air pollution control

Incinerating MSW generates large volumes of flue gases. The flue gases carry residues from incomplete combustion and a wide range of harmful pollutants. The pollutants and their concentration depend on the composition of the waste incinerated and the combustion conditions. However, these gases always carry ash, heavy metals, and a variety of organic and inorganic compounds.

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Ash handling (fly ash treatment)

Incoming vehicles enter the plant via weighbridges which record various information about waste load. These data are transferred to a computer in the control room and usually include the origin of the vehicles and the waste, net and gross tonnage, and the time and date of the delivery.

From the weighbridge, vehicles proceed to the tipping hall to discharge their load into the waste bunker. There are tipping bays into which the vehicles reverse. The bays are demarcated with bollards and raised kerbs to allow the vehicles to reverse safely.

The tipping hall is fitted with a roller shutter door to minimise fugitive emissions of odour. This door remains closed when there are no waste deliveries occurring. The tipping hall is also maintained at a low pressure in order to further minimise emissions of odour. The tipping hall is cleaned periodically. A sloping floor allows for wastewater from cleaning activities to be collected for further treatment.

Members only

Ash handling (fly ash treatment)

Incoming vehicles enter the plant via weighbridges which record various information about waste load. These data are transferred to a computer in the control room and usually include the origin of the vehicles and the waste, net and gross tonnage, and the time and date of the delivery.

From the weighbridge, vehicles proceed to the tipping hall to discharge their load into the waste bunker. There are tipping bays into which the vehicles reverse. The bays are demarcated with bollards and raised kerbs to allow the vehicles to reverse safely.

The tipping hall is fitted with a roller shutter door to minimise fugitive emissions of odour. This door remains closed when there are no waste deliveries occurring. The tipping hall is also maintained at a low pressure in order to further minimise emissions of odour. The tipping hall is cleaned periodically. A sloping floor allows for wastewater from cleaning activities to be collected for further treatment.

Members only

Ash handling (bottom ash treatment)

Incoming vehicles enter the plant via weighbridges which record various information about waste load. These data are transferred to a computer in the control room and usually include the origin of the vehicles and the waste, net and gross tonnage, and the time and date of the delivery.

From the weighbridge, vehicles proceed to the tipping hall to discharge their load into the waste bunker. There are tipping bays into which the vehicles reverse. The bays are demarcated with bollards and raised kerbs to allow the vehicles to reverse safely.

The tipping hall is fitted with a roller shutter door to minimise fugitive emissions of odour. This door remains closed when there are no waste deliveries occurring. The tipping hall is also maintained at a low pressure in order to further minimise emissions of odour. The tipping hall is cleaned periodically. A sloping floor allows for wastewater from cleaning activities to be collected for further treatment.

Members only

Steam turbine generator

In Waste-to-Energy plant, electricity is produced through a steam turbine – generator set. When producing electrical power, it is possible to recover only up to 35 percent of the available energy in the waste as power. The surplus heat has to be cooled in a condenser or a cooling tower. This option is attractive if the plant is situated far from consumers who demand heat. When, only power is produced, a fully condensing turbine is used. The excess heat is produced at such a low temperature in this condenser that it is not attractive for recovery.

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Electrical system

Incoming vehicles enter the plant via weighbridges which record various information about waste load. These data are transferred to a computer in the control room and usually include the origin of the vehicles and the waste, net and gross tonnage, and the time and date of the delivery. From the weighbridge, vehicles proceed to the tipping hall to discharge their load into the waste bunker. There are tipping bays into which the vehicles reverse. The bays are demarcated with bollards and raised kerbs to allow the vehicles to reverse safely. The tipping hall is fitted with a roller shutter door to minimise fugitive emissions of odour. This door remains closed when there are no waste deliveries occurring. The tipping hall is also maintained at a low pressure in order to further minimise emissions of odour. The tipping hall is cleaned periodically. A sloping floor allows for wastewater from cleaning activities to be collected for further treatment.

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District Heating Cooling

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is the…. Industrial users.

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Steam condensing

Steam condenser is a device in which the exhaust steam from steam turbine is condensed by means of cooling water. The main purpose of a steam condenser in turbine is to maintain a low back pressure on the exhaust side of the steam turbine. The cooling water absorbs the latent heat of steam released during condensing. The condensed water returns to the boiler (through deaerator) for steam reproduction, while the cooling water is headed to cooling towers for the release of the absorbed heat at the environment. A cooling tower uses water as a cooling medium and emits steam. If cooling water is not available, a fan-mounted air cooler can serve the purpose, although it is less energy-efficient. Moreover, an air-cooler is less appropriate in hot environments, as the cooler dimensions are increased with the ambient air temperature.

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Info

The WtE Consultant is a unique tool that conducts preliminary calculations on the main operational characteristics of a MSW incineration facility, from the waste heating values, the facility’s energy production and environmental emissions, to a preparatory techno-economic feasibility investment study. The tool aims to give rough estimations of the operational and economic characteristics of a MSW incineration facility.

It should be taken into account that waste generation, composition and energy demands are closely related to socio-economic conditions and the degree of urbanization and industrialization, so data cannot be projected from one place to another. However in the WtE Consulting tool geographical, economic, population and technical (thermodynamic steam characteristics, etc) parameters have been taken into account. For feasibility assessment, preliminary and comprehensive studies should be conducted. Comprehensive assessment should involve comprehensive collection of local data on waste generation and composition, a detailed study of plant finance and a full environmental impact assessment.